Authored several books, including the novel "The Chosen Few" about the experience of blacks in the Marine Corps.
Grew up in a poor neighbourhood in Cincinnati. Made money hustling pool at fourteen. Lied about his age, joining the Marines at fifteen. Fought at Inchon during the Korean War.
After arriving in Hollywood with $12 in his pocket, he was first employed as a sweeper for $1 a day.
Graduated with a Bachelor of Arts from the Cincinnati College Conservatory of Music.