- Dictator of the Dominican Republic (1930-1961).
- Renamed the Dominican Republic's capital city, Santo Domingo, to Ciudad Trujillo ("Trujillo City") in order to honor himself. The city returned back to its' original name after his death.
- Renamed the country's highest peak, Pico Duarte, to Pico Trujillo to honor himself. The mountain returned back to its' original name after his death.
- Had a small part in Casablanca (1942). He can be seen in the background of the famous airport tarmac scene starting a silver airplane's propeller towards the right of the screen. The documentary that was released in conjunction with the film's DVD release discusses this little-known fact.
- Former father-in-law of Porfirio Rubirosa. Rubirosa continued to get plum government assignments from the dictator even after Trujillo granted his daughter a divorce from Rubirosa in 1937.
- Father-in-law of American actress Lita Milan, who was married to his son Ramfis.
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