Sacramento became the capital of California in 1854. Columbia was founded in 1850, and at its peak had a population of about 5000, not the 11,000 stated in this episode.
In its heyday between 1850 and 1858, Columbia was the second largest city in California.
The $10,000 bail in 1854 is worth about $280,000 in 2018.
In 1862, Columbia was the site of the 1st Cinco de Mayo celebration, after the Battle of Puebla in Mexico.