When Moses discovers the river of blood, the film is flipped; Christian Bale's mole appears on the left side of his nose.
The scenes where Moses crosses the Red Sea were shot on the beach of Cofete (Fuerteventura). If you take a careful look at the background before he leaves, you'll see that Moses actually arrives in the same place where he left. They just shot the first scenes with a view to the north and most of the later scenes with a view to the south. Nevertheless you will see a few backgrounds that are identical.
As Moses and Ramses lead their army to attack the Hittite army, a Hittite scout on horseback is seen sprinting back to warn the Hittites about the impending attack. In the next scene, the scout is seen just about to take off.
Pyramids were never located inside cities of the living, only in cities of the dead.
Pithom (nowadays Tell el-Maskhuta) is located in a flat Nile delta landscape, not in a mountainous region.
Instead of the blue battle crown, Ramses seems to wear a queen's vulture crown and instead of the double crown (Pschent, white and red) for coronation, he seems to wear a cylinder.
Studying animal entrails to foretell the future was an Etruscan/Roman religious practice, not Ancient Egyptian.
When Ramses is leading the chariots into the first battle, he shouts "fire" and the archers loose their arrows. Fire is only used when using firearms. With arrows it is "shoot" or "loose".
Camels were present in Egypt since the Early Dynastic Period (3150-2686 BC) which ended over a thousand years before the reign of Ramses II. When historians say that camels were introduced in "North Africa" by the Romans, they actually mean in the Maghreb (modern Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia), which the Romans called Africa (Tunisia and eastern Algeria) and Mauritania (Morocco and western Algeria).
Although the movie was criticized for white-washing, Ancient Egyptians were not ethnically similar to modern Sub-Saharan Africans. Their genetic make-up was more similar to Semitic, Turkish, and European populations. Specifically Ramses II was a white red-head, as were half of his close family. (see Ramses II's mummy, his family's mummies, which still exist, and the latest DNA studies on Ancient Egyptian demographics).
Moses meets his mother on the road. The sphinx is seen in the background. Its nose has been removed. The nose of the Sphinx was destroyed by Muslims. In 1378, Sa'im al-Dahr destroyed the nose and was later executed for vandalism.
After Moses had instructed the israelites to slaughter a lamb, someone is seen carrying a goat (for sacrifice?).
In several scenes, Ramses is depicted in bed with many luxurious pillows. Ancient Egyptians did not use pillows, instead they used elaborately carved wooden headrests to sleep on.
The horses have stirrups, which is very evident when Moses rides his horse at the stable scene. Modern stirrups were invented around 300 CE, making them about 1000 years out of date for Moses.
The plot rotates around twin blades given by old king to his two sons. The swords are leaf-shaped, about 3 ft long and made of steel. This is a dual anachronism:
1. Blade shape is wrong. Egyptian royalty at this time had a distinct melee weapon called khopesh - a sickle-shaped broadsword, that had a single slashing edge. Leaf blades were not used in Egypt in the 2nd millennium BC, they are a distinct feature of Celtic smiths of the Bronze Age.
2. Blade metal is wrong. At this time the only material used for blades was bronze - it's still Bronze Age. First reliable evidence of iron metallurgy appears only a few centuries later, circa 11th cent BC. Iron blades 3 ft long required amount of metal and technologies that became available no sooner than 8th cent. BC. Steel of quality shown on screen appears only in 8-9th cent. AD - 2000 years after the film events.
The film shows Jews building pyramids. The last pyramid was built for Ahmose I ca 1525 BCE. The Jews didn't arrive in Egypt until the mid-1200's BCE if Ramses II was actually the pharaoh of the Exodus.
The Great Sphinx of Giza appears in one scene, looking very much like it does today. However at the time of Moses the Sphinx would likely have still had its nose, although we do not know when exactly it was lost. While the common story about Napoleon's soldiers using the Sphinx as a target for shooting practice (thus breaking off its nose) is proved to be untrue, there is no proof as to when the Sphinx lost its nose. There is a story about a ruler damaging the Sphinx in the 14th century, but the historian mentioning it also mentions the destruction of the ears (which clearly did not happen, therefore casting doubt on the whole story). The only thing we know for a fact is that the nose was gone by 1737 when British artist and marine architect Norden sketched the Sphinx without its nose.
As Moses retrieves his sword from the receding waters of the Red Sea, it makes a 'metal upon metal' sound, even though the blade is rubbing against wet sand.
Ramses is speaking out of sync when he talks to the gathered Hebrews.
Before the crossing of the Red Sea, the Hebrews have just awoken after a nights sleep. But their shadows seem to indicate that they are on a western coast (or that the sun is about to set).