The episode title is a play on the book "The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo" by Stieg Larsson. It is the first book in the series revolving around a strong female lead with amazing hacker abilities, which ties to Charlie in this episode.
Just before the break-in at Richard Roman Enterprises, Sam asks Charlie what she's going to do. She replies she's going to "kick it in the ass." This phrasing is a nod to Supernatural producer/director Kim Manners, who died in 2009.
When Charlie is coming in for work and walks through the building, she is listening (and dancing) to "Walking on Sunshine" by Katrina and the Waves. This scene is a homage to a scene from The Secret of My Success (1987), where Brantley Foster (Michael J. Fox) is walking through his workplace building with the same song playing in the background.
When Harry says "I love you," Charlie replies "I know." That's what Han Solo said to Princess Leia after she told him that she loves him in "Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back (1980)".
When Bobby says Dick is about to get into the "Soylent Green" business, he is referencing the 1973 American science fiction thriller "Soylent Green (1973)". A film about a corporation that distributes food rations called Soylent Green to the now overpopulated Earth, a food that is revealed to contain human remains.